Spiering BA, Kraemer WJ, Vingren JL, Hatfield DL, Fragal MS, Ho JY, Maresh CM, Anderson JM, Volek JS
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Symptoms of hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid), include: Fatigue Dry skin Hair loss Weight gain Brain fog Poor mood Decreased heart rate Inconsistent menstrual cycle Thyroid Medication Hypothyroidism is easily treated with thyroid replacement hormone
Attributed to the selective IR paradox, compensatory hyperinsulinemia can amplify hyperandrogenism via several mechanisms: (i) cross-activation of insulin and/or IGF-1 receptors, which enhances LH-mediated expression of key steroidogenic enzymes (e.g., CYP17A1) in ovarian theca cells and increases androgen synthesis
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 107(2):363378